Jon Hassell (March 22, 1937 – June 26, 2021) was an American trumpet player and composer. He was best known for developing the concept of "Fourth World" music, which describes a "unified primitive/futurist sound" combining elements of various world music traditions with modern electronic music techniques. The concept was first articulated on , his 1980 collaboration with Brian Eno.
Born in Tennessee, Hassell studied contemporary classical music in New York and later in Germany under composer Karlheinz Stockhausen. He subsequently worked with minimal music composers Terry Riley (on a 1968 recording of In C) and La Monte Young (as part of his Theatre of Eternal Music group), and studied under Hindustani singer Pandit Pran Nath. His association with Brian Eno in the early 1980s would introduce Hassell to a larger audience. He subsequently worked with musical artists such as Talking Heads, David Sylvian, Farafina, Peter Gabriel, Tears for Fears, Ani DiFranco, Techno Animal, Ry Cooder, Moritz von Oswald, and Carl Craig.
On his return to Buffalo in the early 1970s, Hassell was introduced to the music of Indian Pandit Pran Nath, a specialist in the Kirana gharana style of singing. Hassell, Young, Marian Zazeela, and Riley went together to India to study with Nath. His work with Nath awoke his appetite for traditional musics of the world, and on the album Vernal Equinox, he used his trumpet (treated with various electronic effects) to imitate the vocal techniques to which Nath had exposed him. He stated:
In 1980, he collaborated with Brian Eno on the album and appeared on the Eno-produced Talking Heads album Remain in Light. The same year Hassell also performed solo at the Mudd Club. Plans had been made with Eno and David Byrne for the three of them to team up for what became "My Life in the Bush of Ghosts," but the plan fell through when Hassell didn't agree with the direction the tracks were taking. His 1981 release, Dream Theory in Malaya, led to a performance at the first World of Music, Arts and Dance (WOMAD) Festival, organized by Peter Gabriel. He performed and co-wrote tracks on David Sylvian's first solo album Brilliant Trees, and its instrumental EP follow-up Words with the Shaman. In the late 1980s, Hassell contributed to Gabriel's , the soundtrack album for Martin Scorsese's film, The Last Temptation of Christ. Hassell and Pete Scaturro composed the electronic theme music for the television show The Practice. In 1989, Hassell contributed to the Tears for Fears album The Seeds of Love.
Hassell died from natural causes on June 26, 2021, at the age of 84. He had had health issues over the course of the previous year.
| ensemble member |
| ensemble member |
| ensemble member (quartet) on one of two extensive tracks |
| on "Houses in Motion" |
| on "Shadow" |
| on "Weathered Wall" and "Brilliant Trees", co-composer |
| on "Words with the Shaman Part 1–3", co-composer; also released as EP |
| ensemble member |
| on "Big Snake" |
| on "Il sole nella pioggia" and "Le baccanti", pre-sampled trumpet sounds activated by keyboard on "Visioni" |
| on "Passion" |
| on "Standing on the Corner of the Third World" and "Famous Last Words" |
| on "Funeral for a Flower", co-composer |
| on "Anima", "In la piazza" and "Notte", co-composer |
| ensemble with Jim Keltner |
| on "Crime" and "I See You Again" |
| on "Flight of the Hermaphrodite" and "Needle Park", co-composer |
| on "Slow Loris Versus Poison Snail", co-composer |
| on "The Next Voice You Hear" produced by T-Bone Burnett |
| on "Hain't It Funny?" |
| on "All the Pretty Little Horses" |
| featured trumpet soloist |
| on "Wide Sky", co-composer |
| featured soloist |
| on "It's Enough Now", "This Time Last Year" and "Beautiful" |
| on (probably one track) |
| on "Who Would You Have Me Love" with Hinda Hicks |
| on "Wing Beats", trumpet and harmonizer, co-composer |
| on "Never Let Me Go" and "Amsterdam Blue (Cortege)", co-composer and track production |
| on "Simple" |
| on "Not Seventeen", "Don't Invent Me" and "It's Enough Now" |
| on "Confined to Ice" |
| on "Revelling" |
| on "Tap Dancer", co-composer |
| on "Long Distance", composer |
| on "Flicks", "The Dumbing Down of Love" and "Old Piano" |
| on "Fuiste Cruel" and "Boliviana"; album produced by Ry Cooder |
| on "Huang/Hong" and "Deep Steel Dubh" |
| on "Mint", co-composer |
| on "Memento Mori" with Sussan Deyhim, co-composer |
| on "Don't Call Me Red" |
| on last three tracks, co-composer |
| (not specified) |
| on "One Cat, One Vote, One Beer" |
| featured as soloist |
| on "The Tubes (1994/2003)" with Mark Atkins |
| on tracks "III" and "VI", co-composer |
| on "Star Matter" |
| on "Upstream" |
| on "Flathead One More Time" |
| ensemble member, trumpet and electronics |
| on "Exile from Paradise", co-composer (also for another track, due to trumpet samples) |
| featured musician |
| on "Ayé Sira Bla = Make Way" |
| on "Brutalized" and "No Happy End" |
| on "Metanoia", trumpet samples and/or sampler |
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